The Top Contaminants Found in Residential Tap Water

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 Access to clean and safe tap water is something that many of us take for granted. However, the quality of your tap water is not always something that is guaranteed. Potential contaminants lurking in our water supply, while often invisible, can have significant implications for both your health and the integrity of your home’s plumbing system.

 

  1. Chlorine

Impact on Health: Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect public water supplies, effectively killing harmful bacteria and viruses. However, high levels of chlorine can be harmful when ingested, leading to issues such as dry skin, eye irritation, and respiratory problems. There is also concern about long-term exposure to chlorine byproducts, which may increase the risk of cancer.

Impact on Plumbing: Chlorine is corrosive, especially when combined with other chemicals in the water. Over time, this can lead to the deterioration of metal pipes, causing leaks and reducing the lifespan of your plumbing system.

 

  1. Fluoride

Impact on Health: Fluoride is added to many municipal water supplies to help prevent tooth decay. While beneficial in small amounts, excessive fluoride can lead to dental fluorosis (discoloration and damage to teeth) and, in extreme cases, skeletal fluorosis, which affects bones and joints.

Impact on Plumbing: Although fluoride doesn’t directly harm plumbing, its presence in water can contribute to the buildup of scale in pipes, especially in areas with hard water. This scale buildup can reduce water flow and lead to blockages.

 

  1. Nitrates

Impact on Health: Nitrates often enter the water supply from agricultural runoff, especially in rural areas. High nitrate levels are particularly dangerous for infants, as they can interfere with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen, leading to a condition known as “blue baby syndrome.” For adults, long-term exposure to high nitrate levels has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers.

Impact on Plumbing: While nitrates are less likely to damage your plumbing directly, they indicate the presence of other contaminants like fertilizers or sewage, which can cause more significant issues over time, including corrosion and pipe degradation.

 

  1. Copper

Impact on Health: Copper can leach into drinking water from corroded pipes and fixtures. In small amounts, copper is essential for health, but excessive exposure can cause gastrointestinal distress, liver or kidney damage, and, in extreme cases, lead to death.

Impact on Plumbing: Copper pipes are common in many homes, but they are susceptible to corrosion, especially when water is highly acidic. This corrosion can cause leaks and water damage, and the presence of copper in water can further accelerate the degradation of plumbing materials.

 

  1. Bacteria and Viruses

Impact on Health: Microbial contaminants like bacteria and viruses can enter the water supply through sewage leaks, contaminated wells, or broken pipes. These pathogens can cause a range of illnesses, from mild stomach upset to severe, life-threatening conditions like E. coli or Giardia infections.

Impact on Plumbing: Contaminated water can lead to the growth of biofilm in pipes, which not only harbors harmful bacteria but can also clog pipes and reduce water flow, leading to increased maintenance costs and potential health risks.

 

  1. Sediments and Minerals

Impact on Health: Sediments and minerals like calcium, magnesium, and iron are often present in tap water, especially in areas with hard water. While they are generally not harmful in small amounts, excessive mineral content can lead to kidney stones and other health issues over time.

 Impact on Plumbing: Sediment and mineral buildup in pipes can lead to scale formation, reducing water pressure and efficiency. This can cause your plumbing system to work harder, increasing energy costs and the likelihood of pipe damage or failure.

 

How To Protect Your Home and Health:

 

  • Water Testing: Regularly test your tap water for contaminants. Here at Water Unlimited we offer free water analysis tests. Get yours here: https://www.waterunlimited.net/free-water-analysis
  • Water Filtration Systems: Consider installing a whole-house water filtration system or point-of-use filters, such as under-sink or countertop units, to remove specific contaminants. Get your free quote here: https://www.waterunlimited.net/get-a-quick-quote
  • Plumbing Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain your home’s plumbing system to prevent corrosion, leaks, and other issues that could introduce contaminants into your water supply.

 

Clean water is vital for your family’s health and the longevity of your home’s plumbing system. By being aware of the potential contaminants and taking steps to mitigate their effects, you can ensure that your tap water remains safe and reliable for years to come.

The Benefits of Installing a Water Softener

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For many households, especially those in areas with hard water, installing a water softener can be a game-changer. Hard water, which contains high levels of minerals like calcium and magnesium, can have significant implications for everyday life and household appliances. Here’s why investing in a water softener might be one of the best decisions you make for your home:

 

  1. Protecting Your Plumbing and Appliances

One of the most compelling reasons to install a water softener is its ability to protect your plumbing and appliances. Hard water leaves mineral deposits that can build up over time, clogging pipes, reducing water flow, and potentially damaging appliances such as washing machines, dishwashers, and water heaters. A water softener removes these minerals, preventing costly repairs and extending the lifespan of your plumbing and appliances.

 

  1. Cleaner and Softer Skin and Hair

Hard water is notorious for leaving a residue on skin and hair, making it difficult to achieve that squeaky-clean feeling after a shower. This residue can also exacerbate skin conditions like eczema and dryness. By softening your water, you can enjoy cleaner, softer skin and hair, as well as reduce the amount of soap and shampoo needed for washing.

 

  1. Brighter and Softer Clothes

Hard water can reduce the effectiveness of laundry detergents and leave clothes looking dull and feeling stiff. With a water softener, you’ll notice that your clothes come out brighter, softer, and cleaner after each wash. This not only improves their appearance but also extends their lifespan by reducing wear and tear caused by abrasive minerals.

 

  1. Improved Efficiency of Water Heating Systems

Heating hard water requires more energy compared to soft water. The mineral deposits in hard water create scale buildup in water heaters, which forces them to work harder and consume more energy to heat water effectively. By installing a water softener, you can reduce energy consumption, lower utility bills, and prolong the life of your water heating system.

 

  1. Cleaner and Spot-Free Dishes

If you’ve ever noticed spots on your dishes after washing them, it’s likely due to hard water. These spots are caused by mineral deposits that remain on dishes as water evaporates. A water softener eliminates these minerals, leaving your dishes sparkling clean and spot-free without the need for additional rinsing or drying.

 

  1. Reduced Cleaning Time and Costs

Cleaning showers, sinks, and faucets in areas with hard water can be a constant battle against limescale buildup. This stubborn residue not only looks unsightly but also requires harsh cleaning products and extra scrubbing to remove. By softening your water, you’ll spend less time and money on cleaning, as there will be fewer mineral deposits to create limescale. 

 

  1. Environmentally Friendly

Using a water softener can also have environmental benefits. By reducing the need for harsh detergents and cleaning agents, you’ll decrease the amount of chemicals being deposited into the water supply. Additionally, using less energy to heat water and prolonging the lifespan of appliances contributes to a more sustainable household.

 

 

Investing in a water softener is more than just improving the quality of your water, it’s an investment in the overall well-being of your household. From protecting your plumbing and appliances to enjoying softer skin and clothes, the benefits of installing a water softener are clear. Whether you’re looking to save money on maintenance costs, reduce your environmental footprint, or simply enhance your daily comfort, a water softener can make a significant difference in your home and lifestyle.

Understanding Hard Water and Its Effects on Your Home

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While water is crucial for every aspect of day-to-day life, not all water is created equal. Limescale buildup on faucets, soap scum in the shower, and stiff laundry can all be signs of hard water. Understanding what hard water is, its effects on your home, and how to recognize its presence will all go a long way toward protecting your investments and your wellness. 

The Science Behind Hard Water

Hard water is water that contains high concentrations of dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium. These minerals enter the water as it moves through soil and rock formations underground. The hardness of water is measured in grains per gallon (GPG) or parts per million (ppm), with classifications ranging from soft (0-3.5 GPG) to very hard (over 7.5 GPG).

When water is referred to as “hard,” it means it contains significant amounts of these minerals. While safe to drink, hard water can lead to a variety of issues within your home.

Common Household Problems Caused by Hard Water:

  1. Limescale Buildup: One of the most visible effects of hard water is the buildup of limescale or mineral deposits on faucets, showerheads, and inside pipes. Over time, this buildup can clog plumbing and reduce water flow.
  2. Soap Scum: Hard water reacts with soap to form a sticky residue known as soap scum. This scum can accumulate on shower walls, bathtub surfaces, and glass doors, making them difficult to clean.
  3. Appliance Damage: Appliances such as water heaters, dishwashers, and washing machines can be adversely affected by hard water. Mineral deposits can reduce efficiency, increase energy consumption, and shorten appliance lifespan.
  4. Dry Skin and Hair: Hard water makes it harder to rinse off soap and shampoo, leaving a residue on your skin and hair. This can lead to dryness, itchiness, and even exacerbate skin conditions like eczema.
  5. Stiff Laundry: Clothes washed in hard water may feel stiff and scratchy due to soap not fully dissolving and mineral deposits clinging to fabric fibers.
  6. Staining: Several different minerals in hard water can cause permanent staining in and around faucets and showerheads. 

Signs You Might Have Hard Water:

Recognizing the signs of hard water can help you take proactive steps toward addressing the issue:

  1. Limescale Buildup: If you notice a crusty white or off-white deposit around faucets, showerheads, or in your kettle, it’s likely due to hard water.
  2. Inefficient Soap: Hard water reduces the effectiveness of soap, causing it to form less lather and requiring more soap to clean effectively.
  3. Spots on Dishes and Glassware: Hard water leaves spots and a cloudy film on dishes and glassware even after washing and rinsing.
  4. Decreased Appliance Efficiency: If appliances like your dishwasher or washing machine require frequent repairs or replacements, hard water could be a contributing factor.
  5. Reduced Water Pressure: Mineral build up in pipes can cause a noticeable decrease in water pressure.
  6. Iron and Manganese Staining: Hard water can contain iron or manganese which can cause rusty-orange or black staining. You’ll see the stains on clothes, fixtures, sinks, tubs, water-using appliances and toilets.

Managing Hard Water in Your Home

There are several methods toward managing hard water:

  1. Water Softeners: These devices remove calcium and magnesium ions from the water through a process called ion exchange, replacing them with sodium ions.
  2. Water Filters: Certain filters can reduce hardness by trapping minerals, although they can’t eliminate the problem in its entirety.
  3. Cleaning Agents: Using vinegar or specialized cleaners can help dissolve and remove limescale buildup for a temporary solution. 

Whether through installing a water softener, water filters, or using appropriate cleaning agents, addressing hard water can improve your home’s efficiency and your overall comfort. By recognizing the signs and understanding the science behind it, you can ensure that you are getting the best out of your water. 


The Impact of Clean Water on Skin and Hair Health: Clean Water for Clean Beauty

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While the tap water here in Reno may be safe to drink, that doesn’t necessarily mean that it is good for your skin and hair. In fact, water quality can have a huge impact on the health of your skin and hair. 

 

Hard Water vs. Soft Water

Hard or soft water all depends upon the mineral content. Water that is high in calcium and magnesium is considered hard whereas water with low amounts of calcium and magnesium is considered soft. In the United States 85% of homes have hard water. Despite that staggering number, hard water continues to have adverse effects on everything from home maintenance to personal hygiene. 

 

Effects of Hard Water on Hair 

According to the National Library of Medicine, hard water has a huge impact on the health of one’s hair. Specifically in the breakage and fragility of the hair. In a study done in 2018, the strength of hair washed with hard water as compared to soft water was put to the test. The study concluded by saying that there is, “a significant statistical decrease in the strength of hair,” after being treated with hard water.

 

Effects of Hard Water on Skin

Similarly to the negative effects that hard water can have on hair, your skin is not left unaffected. One such example is in the occurrence and severity of eczema. In a 2022 study conducted in the UK it was concluded that, “increasing levels of hard water…were associated with an increased prevalence of eczema in adults.” Additionally, hard water can lead to problems with dry skin. A study published in 2021 concluded that water hardness, by itself, could lead to severe dry and irritated skin. While dry skin on its own might not seem so bad, it can then act as a conduit for a slew of other skin issues including irritation, acne, inflammation, wrinkles, and premature aging.

 

Hard Water Making Your Life Hard?

Now that we all know about the adverse effects that hard water can have on your hair and skin, you may be feeling worried about the state of your own water. The good news is that we are here to help! Water Unlimited offers a Free Water Analysis test to see where your water may lie on the hard to soft scale. You can schedule your appointment here. 

 

From there, we can determine the next best step for you and for your water! 

¹ Luqman MW, Ramzan MH, Javaid U, Ali R, Shoaib M, Luqman MA. To Evaluate and Compare Changes in Baseline Strength of Hairs after Treating them with Deionized Water and Hard Water and its Role in Hair Breakage. Int J Trichology. 2018 May-Jun;10(3):113-117. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_115_16. PMID: 30034190; PMCID: PMC6028999.

²Lopez DJ, Singh A, Waidyatillake NT, Su JC, Bui DS, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ. The association between domestic hard water and eczema in adults from the UK Biobank cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2022 Nov;187(5):704-712. doi: 10.1111/bjd.21771. Epub 2022 Aug 18. PMID: 35822417; PMCID: PMC9804584.

³Henning MAS, Ibler KS, Ullum H, Erikstrup C, Bruun MT, Burgdorf KS, Dinh KM, Rigas A, Thørner LW, Pedersen OB, Jemec GB. The association between water hardness and xerosis-Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study. PLoS One. 2021 Jun 2;16(6):e0252462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252462. PMID: 34077478; PMCID: PMC8171951.